اساس کار پمپ هیدرولیک فرمان خودرو

اساس کار پمپ هیدرولیک فرمان خودرو

نیروی فرمان هیدرولیک توسط پمپ هیدرولیک تامین می شود. این پمپ از نوع پره ای گردان اما جابجایی مثبت است. این پمپ را موتور خودرو به کمک تسمه و پولی به حرکت در می آورد. این پمپ یک سری پره های برگشت پذیر دارد با دقت در شکل می توانید میزان برگشت هر پره را در داخل روتور پمپ مشاهده کنید. این روتور داخل یک محفظه بیضی شکل می چرخد.

همانطور که پره ها می چرخند روغن یا سیال هیدرولیک را از سمت ورودی پمپ به که فشار کمی دارد به سمت خروجی پمپ که فشار بالایی دارند می رانند. مقدار سیالی که جابجا می شود بستگی به دور موتور دارد. و هر چه دور موتور بالاتر می رود حجم روغنی که جابجا می شود بیشتر است بنابراین پمپ باید طوری طراحی شود که در دور درجای موتور حداقل فشار و دبی مورد نیاز را تامین کند. بنابراین پمپ هیدرولیک خودرو در دور موتور بالاتر دبی بسیار بیشتری از روغن فراهم می کند. و این منجر به افزایش فشار در خروجی پمپ خواهد شد.

پمپ های فشار ساز مانند پمپ هیدرولیک فرمان خودرو یک شیر فشار شکن یا رلیف ولو دارند تا از افزایش فشار بیش از حد جلوگیری شود. به خصوص وقتی که فشار دور موتور خودرو بالاست و پمپ دبی زیادی از روغن را به سمت خروجی می راند.

شیر گردان

یک سیستم هیدرولیک فرمان باید فقط وقتی عمل کند که راننده فرمان را می چرخاند. و قتی که فرمان در دست راننده ثابت است سیستم هیدرولیک نباید هیچ نیرویی وارد کند. تجهیزی که نیروی وارد آمده به فرمان را تشخیص می دهد چیزی نیست جز یک شیر گردان یا روتاری ولو.

شیر گردان در حقیقت از یک میله نازک به نام تورشن بار تشکیل شده است که می تواند این میله از یک سمت به میل فرمان و از سمت دیگر به دنده سوسماری یا پنیون متصل است. و وقتی که راننده فرمان را می چرخاند تورشن بار که از جنس خاصی است مقداری می پیچد هر چه راننده فرمان را با نیروی بیشتری بپیچد ترشن بار بیشتر می پیچد. و یک اسپول ولو که در هر سمت تورشن بار قرار دارد که از پیچیدن تورشن بار فرمان می گیرد و به این ترتیب مسیر را برای عبور روغن هیررولیک باز می کند.

 اساس کار پمپ هیدرولیک فرمان خودرو

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