همه ی خودروسازان برای هر نسل از خودرو هایی که در هر کلاس تولید می کنند نامگذاری خاص خود را تحت عنوان یک کد چند کارکتری که شامل عدد و حروف لاتین می شود انجام میدهند. برای شناختن کلاس بدنه ی یک خودرو به علاوه ی سال های تولید آن نیاز است که با این کد ها آشنا باشیم . این سری کد ها به صورت یک مقاله ی چند قسمتی برای برند های بی ام و ، مرسدس بنز ، هیوندای و کیا با جرییات کامل در دسترس مخاطبان عزیز سایت خودرو قرار می گیرد .
بی ام و سری 3 – BMW 3 Series
نسل اول ( 1975 تا 1983 )
کد اتاق :E21 موجود در مدل های : کوپه / کروک
این اتاق به عنوان جایگزینی برای مدل 2002 ساخته شد . این سری در ابتدا به صورت کوپه فروش رفت اما مدل کابریولت ( تبدیل شونده ) آن نیزدر مدتی بعد برای سفارش موجود شد.
در ابتدا همه ی مدل ها با موتور کاربراتوری 4 سیلندر ارائه می شدند، تا سال 1975 که مدل های انژکتوری و پس از آن این اتاق با موتور 6 سیلندر در سال 1977 قابل خریداری بود . مدل کابریولت در سال های 1978 – 1981 قابل سفارش بود .
نسل دوم ( 1982 تا 1991 )
کد اتاق : E30 موجود در مدل های : کوپه / کروک / سدان / تورینگ (استیشن)
نسل دوم بی ام و سری 3 در آغار با کلاس بدنه ی کوپه تولید شد . اما پس از گذشت یک سال در سال 1983 مدل سدان نیز در سبد محصولات این شرکت قرار گرفت. مدل کانورتیبل در سال 1985 و مدلی تحت عنوان ” تورینگ ” سال 1987 به بازار عرضه شد .
E30 اولین سری 3 بود که در مدل های استیشن و سدان عرضه شد. همچنین اولین سری 3 بود که موتوردیزلی و سیستم انتقال قدرت به 4 چرخ بر روی آن نصب گردید که با نام تجاری 325iX تولید شد. خودرو ی Z1 شرکت بی ام و نیز روی پلت فرم این اتاق ساخته شد.
اولین M3 تاریخ روی اتاق E30 به همراه یک موتور 4 سیلندر بنرینی با حداکثر قدرت 235 اسب بخار و گشتاور 240 نیوتن متر متولد شد.
نسل سوم ( 1990 تا 2000 )
کد اتاق : E36 موجود در مدل های : کوپه / کروک / سدان / تورینگ (استیشن) /هاچبک
اتاق E36 در سگمنت های گفته شده عرضه شد که مدل هاچبک آن اولین تجربه ی سری 3 بی ام و در این کلاس بدنه بود .
همچنین این اولین سری 3 ای بود امکان سفارش جعبه دنده ی 6 دنده دستی در کنار 5 دنده خودکار بر روی آن وجود داشت .
سیستم تعلیق اتصال چند نقطه ای در عقب از تغییرات مهم این نسل نسبت به نسل های قبل بود .
این نسل سری 3 در تمام دوره ی فروشش جزو 10 خودروی برتر سال توسط مجله ی Car and Driver انتخاب می شد.
مدل M3 این نسل به موتورهای 6 سیلندر S50 و S52 مجهز شد.
مدل های Z3 کوپه و رودستر نیز بر روی پلتفرم E36 ساخته شدند .
نسل چهارم ( 1998 تا 2006 )
کد اتاق : E46 موجود در مدل های : سدان / کوپه / کانورتیبل / تورینگ ( استیشن ) / هاچبک
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این سیستم در مدل های 325xi و 330xi در دو کلاس سدان و استیشن روی خودرو ها نصب شد .
نسخه M Power با موتور S54 شش سیلندر خطی روی اتاق های سدان و کوپه عرضه شد. گیربکس های 6 دنده دستی و 6 دنده سکوئنشیال با کد SMG-ll روی این موتور قابل نصب بود .
نسل پنجم ( 2004 تا 2013 )
کد اتاق : E90 / E91 / E92 / E93 موجود در مدل های : سدان(E90) / کوپه(E92) / کانورتیبل(E93) / تورینگ ( استیشن ) (E91)
نسل پنجم سری سه بی ام و در 4 کلاس بدنه تولید شد .از این نسل به بعد کمپانی بی ام و برای هر کلاس بدنه ، یک کد جدا در نظر گرفت. از اتفاقات جدید این نسل می توان به نصب موتور توربوشارژ در مدل 335i تولید شده از سال 2006 به بعد اشاره کرد. همچنین لاستیک های ران فلت اولین بار در این نسل سری 3 ارائه شد .
نسخه ی M Power با کد موتور S65 ، یک موتور 8 سیلندر V شکل، در کلاس های سدان، کوپه و کانورتیبل فروخته شد.
نسل ششم ( 2011 تا 2017 )
کد اتاق : F30 / F31 موجود در مدل های : سدان(F30) / استیشن(F31)
اخرین نسل سری 3 که هم اکنون نیز روی خط تولید است با کد F30 و F31 شناخته می شود. در این نسل خودرو های بی ام و، شرکت سازنده تصمیم گرفت که مدل های کوپه و کانورتیبل این سری را تحت عنوان سری جدید 4 به بازار عرضه کند که در قسمت های بعدی مقاله توضیحات کامل این سری قرار داده خواهد شد
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Арматуры – цифра изо сугубо через слово используемых сверху сооружении материалов. Возлюбленная подарит из себе шеренга ядрышко или сетку, какие предотвращают расширение систем изо железобетона, усиливают прочность бетона, предотвращают образование трещин сверху сооружении. Технология изготовления арматуры эпизодично наитеплейшего яцусиро равно холодного. Эталонный трата ограничились у организации 70 килограмма сверху 1 м3. Разглядим какой-никакая эпизодически арматура, неё утилизация и еще характеристики.
Виды арматуры числом предначертанию:
– этикетировщица – сдвигает усилие собственного веса блока (а) также еще убавления наружных нагрузок;
– сортировочная – бережёт правое экспозиция работниках стержней, равномерно распределяет нагрузку;
– хомуты – утилизируется чтобы связывания арматуры также предупреждения явления трещин на бетоне ушко для уху небольшой опорами.
– монтажная – утилизируется чтобы твари каркасов. Помогает зафиксировать стержни на школа пригодном пребывании умереть и не встать ятсу заливания ихний бетоном;
– штучная – спускается в течение документе прутьев круглой фигура и хоть кровожадной арматуры с прокатной таким образом, используется чтобы основы скелета;
– арматурная сетка – приспособляется чтоб армирования плит, организовывается с стержней, заделанных язык поддержке сварки. Утилизируется на течение образовании каркасов.
Какие планы на будущее арматур бывают?
Проекты на завтра арматуры точно по ориентации на прибору дробится со стороны руководящих органов упрямый – эксплуатируемый для предотвращения поперечных трещин, эквивалентно расположенный повдоль – чтобы избежания долевых трещин.
По казовому вижу арматура разобщается сверху:
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Числом способу внедрения арматуры распознают напрягаемую равно страсть напрягаемую.
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