میل گاردان چیست؟

میل گاردان چیست؟

در خودروهای دیفرانسیل عقب که موتور آنها در بخش جلو واقع است، باید نیروی حاصل از موتور به نحوی به چرخ‎ها برسد. این وظیفه به عهده میل گاردان است که نیروی حاصل از موتور را پس از خروج از گیربکس به چرخ‎های عقب انتقال دهد. اما میل گاردان برخلاف تصور بسیاری از افراد فقط یک لوله عادی نیست. این لوله باید کاملا صاف و بدون لنگی بوده و جنس آن حالت فنری داشته باشد تا در صورت وارد شدن فشار مجدداً به حالت اولیه بازگردد. البته گاردان در اثر وارد شدن فشارهای بیش از حد کج می‏شود. وجود لنگی در میل گاردان به دلیل سرعت بالای گردش آن باعث لرزش شدید خودرو و در نتیجه ناراحتی راننده و سرنشینان و بروز مشکلات دیگر در خودرو می‏شود. دلیل این‎که میل گاردان توپر ساخته نمی‎شود این است که با کوچک‎ترین لنگی اتومبیل باید زلزله 7 ریشتری را تحمل کند و نیز در صورت وزن زیاد آن چهارشاخه‏ها وزن آن را تحمل نکرده و خواهند شکست.

در دو طرف میل گاردان چهار شاخه‏های مخصوص وجود دارند که به میل گاردان امکان حرکت همزمان با بالا و پایین رفتن دیفرانسیل در دست‏اندازها را می‎دهند. ولی این بالا و پایین رفتن دیفرانسل مستلزم کوتاه و بلند شدن گاردان نیز هست. یعنی وقتی دیفرانسیل بالاتر می‎رود گاردان باید کوتاه شده و هنگامی که دیفرانسیل پایین می‏رود گاردان باید بلندتر شود. برای ایجاد این امکان برای گاردان از اتصال کشویی استفاده می‏شود. در اتصال کشویی، میل گاردان را دو تکه می‎کنند. به طوری که یک طرف قطورتر از طرف دیگر باشد. سپس طرف نازکتر در داخل طرف قطورتر فرو می‎رود. به منظور جلوگیری از هرزگردی، در بخش داخلی سمت قطور و بخش بیرونی طرف نازکتر “هزار خاری” ایجاد می‎نمایند. در نتیجه گاردان به حالت کشویی می‎تواند در هنگام چرخش کوتاه و بلند شود. به این اتصال اتصال کشویی گاردان می‎گویند.

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