واژه روغنسوزی در موتور خودرو بهطور عمومی به وضعیتی گفته میشود که روغن در پروسه کاری موتور به اتاق احتراق یا مناطق داغ موتور وارد شود و درنتیجه، به دلیل گرمای زیاد روغن تبخیر شده و به همراه گازهای خروجی اگزوز از موتور خارج شود.
روغن بهطورکلی در موتور خودرو وظیفه روان کردن حرکت قطعات فلزی بر روی یکدیگر را دارد و وجود آن در موتور خودرو لازم است اما طراحی موتور خودروها بهگونهای است که در سیکل کاری موتور، روغن همواره از نقاط داغ یا محفظه احتراق موتور دور میماند و به همین دلیل بهطور معمول روغن موتور نمیسوزد، اما در صورتی که موتور دچار روغنسوزی شود، این جدایی از میان میرود و روغن به مرور سوخته و از موتور خارج میشود که اصلیترین نتیجه آن آلودگی هوا و البته کاهش کارآیی موتور است ضمن آنکه در این شرایط به مرور شاهد کاهش سطح روغن موتور خواهیم بود که درنتیجه ممکن است فرآیند روغن کاری موتور دچار مشکل شود.
بهطور عمومی، دلیل اصلی روغنسوزی در موتور ناشی از خرابی رینگهای پیستون است که باعث میشود روغن موجود در سطح سیلندر، در زمان حرکت رو به پایین پیستون بهطور کامل از جداره پیستون پاک نشود و در زمان احتراق با مخلوط سوخت و هوا ترکیب شده و میسوزد هرچند نباید فراموش کنیم روغنسوزی دلایل دیگری نیز دارد که تشخیص نهایی آن تنها از عهده مکانیکها برمیآید.
سوختن روغن باعث تولید دود آبیرنگی در خروجی موتور میشود و این مسأله مهمترین و سادهترین نشانه تشخیص وجود روغنسوزی در موتور است. البته میزان تولید دود آبی کاملا بستگی به میزان روغن ترکیب شده با هوا دارد و الزاما در آغاز بروز این مشکل نباید انتظار داشت دود آبیرنگ از اگزوز دیده شود. برای تشخیص وجود روغنسوزی در یک موتور از این طریق توجه داشته باشید موتور خودرو باید گرم باشد ضمن آنکه این دود معمولا در اثر گاز دادنهای مکرر دیده میشود.
روش دیگر بررسی شمعها است چون با وجود ترکیبات روغن، شمع خودرو کثیف میشود (بهاصطلاح تعمیرکارها شمع خیس میشود) که نشانه روغنسوزی است. البته روش درست تشخیص این مشکل، بهرهگیری از ابزاری است که میتوان فشار تراکم هر سیلندر را تشخیص دهد. کاهش فشار در سیلندر به معنی آسیب به رینگهای پیستون است که در ادامه روغنسوزی را به دنبال دارد.
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