همان‌طور که می‌دانیم، لرزش در خودرو می‌تواند نتایج بدی به همراه داشته باشد؛ از بروز عیب و ایراد در بدنه و دیگر قسمت‌ها خصوصا مفاصل و اتصالات چرخ‌ها و قسمت‌های بدنه و حتی به صدا افتادن داخل اتاق تا افزایش مصرف سوخت. به طور کلی زمانی که قسمتی از یک خودرو دچار لرزش می‌شود، نیرویی که توسط موتور تولید می‌شود در این قسمت‌ها هدر خواهد رفت چرا‌که یا قسمتی از آن صرف تولید لرزش می‌شود و یا قسمتی از آن برای کاهش این لرزش باید هزینه شود.
منظور از بالانس تایر‌ها چیست؟
به طور خلاصه و ساده می‌توان گفت منظور از بالانس‌کردن تایر‌ها، گرفتن لرزش آن در اثر ناهمگنی‌های موضعی آن است. رینگ چرخ و حتی خود لاستیک می‌توانند به صورت ناهمگن ساخته شده باشند و یا در طول زمان و در اثر کارکرد و برخورد با پستی و بلندی‌های مسیر دچار مشکلاتی شوند. این عیوب باعث چرخش نامتوازن تایر حین حرکت در سرعت‌های مشخصی می‌شود که برای رفع این حالت باید تایر را بالانس کنیم. بالانس کردن چرخ‌ها با کمک دستگاه انجام می‌شود و برای این کار در لبه رینگ و مکان مشخصی که کمک به رفع این حالت می‌کند، باید وزنه‌های سربی مناسبی قرار داد.
تایر بد، رینگ معیوب
ریم یا چیزی که در کشورمان به آن رینگ می‌گوییم، قطعه‌ای فلزی است و به همین خاطر می‌تواند حین حمل و نقل و یا حتی پروسه تولید، دچار مشکلاتی شود. این عیوب به‌راحتی منجر به برهم خوردن بالانس تایر‌ها شده و لرزش‌هایی را ایجاد می‌کنند. ضمن اینکه می‌توانند منجر به خرابی تایر و ایجاد لاستیک‌سایی نیز شوند. همچنین وجود ایراد در تایر حتی در نمونه‌های معروف خارجی نیز هر چند بسیار کم دیده می‌شود اما نادر هم نخواهد بود. به همین خاطر گاهی مواقع حین بالانس‌کردن چرخ‌ها دیده می‌شود که ایراد از خود رینگ مثل تابیدگی و یا خود تایر است.
بالانس درجا و روی دستگاه
گاهی مواقع تایر روی دستگاه و به طور جدا بالانس و تنظیم می‌شود و گاهی مواقع همان طور که در زیر خودرو قرار دارد. از فواید بالانس جدا و روی دستگاه در این است که بعد از بالانس‌شدن تایر‌ها، اگر باز هم ایرادی از سیستم تعلیق وجود داشته باشد، به خوبی نمایان خواهد شد. از طرف دیگر با بالانس روی دستگاه، ممکن است با وجود ایراد کوچکی در قسمتی از سیستم تعلیق باز هم شاهد لرزش در تایر‌ها در سرعت‌های بالا باشیم که با بالانس درجا که تایر از جای خود خارج نمی‌شود، این عیوب تا حد زیادی برطرف خواهد شد؛ چرا که تایر متناسب با وضعیت سیستم تعلیق، تنظیم و وزنه‌گذاری می‌شود.
بالانس عقب و جلو
به طور معمول و تجربی ثابت شده است که اگر تایر‌های جلو خودرو دچار نابالانسی باشند، در سرعت‌های بین 80 تا 90 کیلومتر ایجاد لرزش می‌کنند و این حالت برای تایر‌های عقب در سرعت‌های بالاتر یعنی بین 120 تا 140 کیلومتر رخ می‌دهد. نکته قابل ذکر این است که بهتر است هر بار بعد از تعویض تایر‌ها به صورت ضربدری و یا خطی، آنها را دوباره بالانس کنیم.
اتصالات و پلوس‌ها
گاهی مواقع لرزش در تایر‌ها و محور‌ها، ناشی از نابالانسی آنها نیست و به خرابی و وجود مشکل در اتصالات بازمی‌گردد. از شایع‌ترین آنها که در خودرو‌های محور محرک جلو دیده می‌شود، ایراد در پلوس‌هاست که غالبا هنگام شتاب‌گیری در دنده 2 خود را به خوبی نشان می‌دهد.
منبع: عصر خودرو
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