لاستیک ها دارای ساختارهای مختلفی هستند که عبارتند از:
لاستیک بایاس
لاستیک بایاس با تسمه
لاستیک رادیال
لاستیک توپر
لاستیک نیمه پنوماتیک
در زیر به معرفی این ساختارها می پردازیم:
لاستیک بایاس
در ساختار لاستیک بایاس (bias) (مورب) یا متقابل لا (Cross ply) از سیم‌های لایه‌ی بدنه استفاده می‌شود که به صورت مورب از یک زهوار به زهوار دیگر می‌رسند. معمولا بازه‌ی زاویه‌ی سیم‌ها بین ۳۰ تا ۴۰ درجه است. با قراردادن لایه‌های پی‌درپی که با زاویه‌های مخالف قرار گرفته‌اند، یک الگوی متقاطع ایجاد می‌شود که رویه‌ی لاستیک بر روی آن قرار می‌گیرد. این طراحی موجب انعطاف‌پذیری بدنه‌ی لاستیک بایاس می‌شود، که بزرگترین مزیت ساختار لاستیک بایاس است، زیرا کمک می‌کند رانندگی در سطوح ناهموار، بسیار روان شود. این زیرسازی همچنین بزرگترین عیب لاستیک بایاس نیز هست زیرا مقاومت گردشی (rolling resistance) افزایش می‌یابد و کنترل و نیروی کشش با سطح جاده که منجر به حرکت می‌شود در سرعت‌های بالا کاهش می‌یابد.
لاستیک بایاس با تسمه
لاستیک بایاس با تسمه (belted bias) دارای دو یا تعداد بیشتری لایه‌های بایاس (مورب) است و تسمه‌های تثبیت کننده مستقیما زیر رویه‌ی تایر قرار دارند. این ساختار نیز مانند ساختار لاستیک بایاس موجب نرم و روان شدن رانندگی می‌شود، با این تفاوت که مقاومت گردشی به علت این که تسمه‌ها سختی رویه را افزایش می‌دهند، کاهش پیدا می‌کند. طراحی لاستیک بایاس با تسمه توسط آرمستارنگ معرفی شد، ولی گودیر استفاده از آن را با عرضه‌ی تجاری تایر “Polyglas” (پلی گلس) رواج داد. از ویژگی‌های لاستیک بایاس با تسمه می‌توان به بدنه‌ای از جنس پلی‌استر و تسمه‌هایی (belt) از جنس پشم‌شیشه اشاره کرد. در لاستیک های بایاس با تسمه مانند لاستیک های متداول دو لایه‌ی اصلی از جنس پلی‌استر، ابریشم مصنوعی (رایون) و یا نایلون وجود دارد، اما در لاستیک های تسمه‌دار برای ارتقاء کارایی، بالای این لایه‌ها تسمه‌های جانبی در زوایای مختلف وجود دارد که لاستیک های بایاس بدون تسمه فاقد این ویژگی هستند. تسمه‌ها را از جنس پشم‌شیشه یا فولاد می‌سازند.
لاستیک رادیال (شعاعی)
در ساختار لاستیک رادیال (radial)، سیم‌های لایه‌ی بدنه از زهوارها و در راستای رویه گسترش پیدا می‌کنند.، به نحوی که سیم‌ها حدودا در زوایای سمت راست خط مرکزی رویه‌ی لاستیک و به صورت موازی با یکدیگر قرار می‌گیرند. این سیم‌ها، مانند تسمه‌های نگه‌دارنده دقیقا زیر رویه‌ی لاستیک (آج) قرار دارند. تسمه‌ها (belts) ممکن است به صورت سیم یا فولاد باشند. مزایای ساختار لاستیک رادیال عبارتند از طول عمر بیشتر رویه (آج)، سهولت هدایت فرمان و مقاومت گردشی کم. از معایب لاستیک رادیال می‌توان به سخت‌تر شدن رانندگی در سرعت پایین بر روی سطوح ناهموار اشاره کرد و همچنین در زمینه‌ی آفرود (off-road) قابلیت خودشویی (self-cleaning) لاستیک کاهش پیدا می‌کند و در سرعت‌های پایین چسبندگی با سطح جاده کم است.
مزایا و معایب لاستیک های رادیال و بایاس: مزایای لاستیک بایاس
انعطاف پذیری بدنه لاستیک
رانندگی روان روی سطوح ناهموار
مناسب برای سخت ترین جاده های آفرود
معایب لاستیک بایاس
طول عمر کوتاه
نامناسب برای رانندگی در جاده های شهری
پر سرو صدا
مزایای لاستیک رادیال
دوام بیشتر
سهولت هدایت فرمان
مقاومت گردشی کم
مزایای لاستیک رادیال
سخت‌تر شدن رانندگی در سرعت پایین بر روی سطوح ناهموار
چسبندگی کم با سطح جاده در سرعت های پایین
لاستیک توپر
بسیاری از تایرهایی که مصارف صنعتی و تجاری دارند، غیر پنوماتیک (non-pneumatic) هستند. این تایرها توسط عملیات قالب‌ریزی، از لاستیک سخت و ترکیب‌های پلاستیکی تولید می‌شوند. تایر ماشین‌های چمن‌زنی، اسکیت‌بردها، ماشین‌های مخصوص زمین گلف، اسکوترها، بسیاری از ماشین‌های سبک صنعتی، چرخ دستی‌ها و تریلرها نمونه‌ی لاستیک توپر هستند. یکی از رایج‌ترین کاربردهای لاستیک توپر در دستگاه‌های جابه‌جا کننده‌ی وسایل (forklift) است. چنین تایرهایی را به شیوه‌ی پرس هیدرولیک نصب می‌کنند.
لاستیک نیمه پنوماتیک
لاستیک های نیمه بادی میان‌تهی هستند اما در این تایرها برخلاف تایرهای بادی، فشارهوا وجود ندارد. لاستیک نیمه‌بادی، سبک وزن و ارزان قیمت است، پنچر نمی‌شود و در زیرسازی (cushioning) به کار گرفته می‌شود. از لاستیک نیمه بادی به عنوان عضو کامل‌کننده‌ی چرخ و حتی جزء جدایی ناپذیر بلبرینگ استفاده می‌شود. لاستیک نیمه پنوماتیک در ماشین‌های چمن‌زنی، ویلچر و فرغون کاربرد دارند. می‌توان سطح لاستیک نیمه‌بادی را طرح داد که در این صورت عموما برای مصارف صنعتی به‌کار می‌روند، و به‌گونه‌ای طراحی می‌شوند که به هنگام استفاده از رینگ جدا نشوند.
تایرهای میان‌تهی‌ای که تحت فشار هوا نیستند، برای خودرو نیز طراحی شده‌اند، مانند توییل (Tweel). واژه‌ی توییل از ترکیب دو کلمه‌ی انگلیسی تایر (tire) و چرخ (wheel) نشات‌گرفته. توییل، یک نوع تایر آزمایشی‌است که توسط کمپانی میشلن (Michelin) طراحی شده‌است. پوشش بیرونی توییل مانند تایرهای رادیال معمولی از جنس لاستیک است، اما بخش داخلی فنرهای قابل انقباض مخصوصی از جنس پلی‌یورتان (polyurethane) دارد که به راحتی و روان‌بودن رانندگی کمک می‌کند. این تایرها هرگز پنچر نمی‌شوند و هدف این است که راحتی و روانی تایرهای مشخصه بلند (higher-profile tires) که دیواره (sidewall) بلند دارند، با مقاومت در برابر نیروهای جانبی تایرهای مشخصه کوتاه ادغام شود. این تایرها هنوز برای استفاده‌ی گسترده در بازار ارائه نشده‌اند.
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