خنک کننده روغن راهی برای سالم نگهداشتم موتور خودرو میباشد.
چگونه از داغ شدن روغن داخل سیستم موتور جلوگیری کنیم؟
روغن عامل حیاتی موتور بوده و همانند خون در سیستم موتور عمل میکند. سوال اساسی این است که چگونه از جوش آمدن خون خودرو جلوگیری کنیم؟
عاملهای خنک کننده در خودروها به دسته های ذیل تقسم میشوند:
سیستم خنک کننده اصلی (primary cooling system) : که یا آب رادیاتور میباشد و از آن بعنوان مایع خنک کننده یا coolant نام می برند یا میتواند سیستم خنک کننده موتور از طریق هوا باشد.
سیستم خنک کننده ثانویه(secondary cooling system) : که در همه موتورها روغن موتور یا روغن این نقش را برعهده دارد. گرچه اکثر مردم فکر میکنند که نقش روغن موتور روان کنندگی است ولی شاید کمتری کسی به نقش خنک کنندگی روغن موتور توجه نماید.
خنک کننده روغن موتور (engine oil cooler) چیست؟
خنک کننده روغن موتور به مثابه رادیاتور کوچکی است که در جلوی سیستم خنک کننده(coolant system) خودرو جایگذاری و نصب میشوند که دمای روغن را در حین عبور از لوله های پیچ در پیچ داخل خنک کننده کاهش میدهد. خنک کننده روغن اساسا یک رادیاتور است که در آن به جای آب، روغن موتور جریان دارد.این سیستم هنگامیکه موتور روشن باشد عمل میکند.
کاهش دمای روغن موتور بویژه در موتورهای خنک شونده با هوا فواید بسیار زیادی دارد. این رادیاتور خنک کننده همچنین میتواند در خنک کردن روغن دنده – فشار و دمای بالا- نیز بکار رود.
یک کیت خنک کننده روغن موتور بین 50 تا 100 دلار قیمت دارد.
وقتی دمای نرمال موتور افزایش می یاید باعث میشود که موتور به انحا مختلف آسیب ببیند که شامل زوال و از بین رفتن سریع روغن موتور نیز میشود.
تعویض روغن اغلب سبب حفظ و افزایش توان روانکاری میشود و یک سیستم خنک کننده روغن میتواند کیفیت روغن را با کاهش دمای کارکرد روغن تا حدود 30 درصد برای دوره های زمانی طولانی تر حفظ نماید.
در اصل نقش ثانویه روغن موتورها خنک کردن موتور است. سیستم خنک کننده در مدلهای مختلف موتور سیکلت هارلی دیویدسون نیز بکار رفته و این سیستم اساسا یک رادیاتور است که از یک طرف آن روغن وارد و از طرف دیگر آن خارج میشود در میان این سیستم لوله های نازکی هستند که به تیغه هایی وصل میشوند که به طور موثر حرارت را پخش کرده و از بین میبرند داخل این سیستم ترموستات نیز کار میکند که مانع از جوش آمدن روغن میشود .وقتی که روغن وارد این سیستم میشود مقدار خیلی زیادی از حرارت خود را از دست میدهد.
تصور غلطی که در مورد سیستم خنک کننده روغن وجود دارد این است که این سیستم تنها در سرعتهای بالا کار میکند در حالیکه در هنگام شرایط ترافیک یا در حال توقف نیز این سیستم فعال بوده و به کاهش حرارت روغن کمک میکند.
طراحی سیستم خنک کننده روغن موتور
همانند رادیاتورها خنک کننده های روغن موتورها در اندازه های مختلفی وجود دارند انتخاب سایز مناسب بر اساس فاکتورهای مختلفی میباشد
– میزان ظرفیت روغن داخل سیستم
– توان خروجی موتور
– میزان جرایان هوا و فضا برای خنک کننده
– اندازه رادیاتور
هر کدام از فاکتورهای فوق الذکر نقش مهمی در انتخاب اندازه خنک کننده روغن موتور مناسب خودرو شما دارد. بعنوان یک قاعده اساسی سرانگشتی، اکثر راننده ها بزرگترین اندازه خنک کننده روغن را انتخاب میکنند بطوریکه میتواند به خوبی جریان هوا را دریافت کند سپس ترموستات را اضافه میکنند که میتواند روغن را در دمای مناسب نگه دارد.
اگر روغن خیلی داغ شود شروع به تجزیه میکند و تجزیه روغن سبب ضعیف و شل شدن بیش از حد روغن میشود و سطح فشار روغن به سطح خطرناک افت پیدا میکند.
همانطور که روغن داغ سبب آسیب به موتور میشود روغنی که از نظر دما سرد باشد نیز آسیبهای جدی به موتور میزند و دمای سرد سبب میشود که روغن نتواند ویسکوزیته مناسب داشته باشد. بهترین روش برای حل این مشکل افزودن سیستم خنک کننده کنترل دما بوسیله ترموستات است سیستم خنک کننده روغن به حفظ دمای روغن و همچنین ممانعت از افزایش دمای روغن کمک میکند.
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