انتقال گشتاور موتور به چهار چرخ به جای دو چرخ باعث استفاده ی بهتر از اصطکاک در جهت حرکت رو به جلوی خودرو می شود.
همانطور که می دانید خودرو برای حرکت از اصطکاک ایستایی استفاده می کند (نقطه ی تماس چرخ با زمین یک لحظه ی ثابت است) و اگر خودرو از چهار چرخ برای انتقال نیرو به زمین استفاده کند در نتیجه حرکت پرقدرت تری هم در مقایسه با استفاده از دو چرخ برای حرکت خواهد داشت.
در حالت دوم دو چرخی که هرز میچرخند تنها اصطکاک جنبشی دارند وبر روی زمین کشیده می شوندو این تنها نیرویی در خلاف جهت حرکت به خودرو وارد می کند. در حال حاضر خودروهایی در حال وارد شدن به بازار هستند که عملکرد بسیار بالایی دارند. در این خودروها گشتاور بی وقفه و سریع بین چهار چرخ توزیع می شوند.
بیشتر خودروهایی که همه چرخهای آنها عامل حرکتند،و suv ها ازکنترل کامپیوتری استفاده میکنند و از سیستم درگیرکننده ذره ها بصورت پاره وقت برای صرفه جویی در مصرف سوخت استفاده میکنند.
هنگامیکه کامپیوتر در می یابد یک یا چند چرخ سریعتر از بقیه در حال چرخشند، و یا خودرو در حال پیچیدن باشد ، این سیستم به خودرو کمک می کند.
ابتدا این سیستم محور دیگر را درگیر می کند ویک کسری از گشتاور موتور را به ان اختصاص می دهد.
اگر چرخها به حرکت اسپینی خود ادامه دادند، کامپیوتر گشتاور موتور را کم می کند و یا با ترمز گیری روی این چرخها سرعت انها را کم می کند.
اخیرا این سیستم ها پیشرفت چشمگیری داشته اند . سازندگان اتومبیل دیفرانسیل های جلو وعقب را احیا کرده اند به طوری که قدرت همانند سیستم های قدیمی از جلو به عقب منتقل می شود و سپس از یک گوشه به گوشه ی دیگر انتقال قدرت را خواهیم داشت. با این تفاوت که همه ی این کارها بسیار بسیار سریع تر از مدل های قدیمی انجام می شود. این مثل داشتن کنترل کامپیوتری و سرعت بالا اما لغزش محدود در هر محور دبفرانسیل می باشد که نه تنها به معنی استفاده بهینه از اصطکاک در هوای نا مساعد برای حرکت رو به جلو می باشد بلکه باعث عملکرد بسیار بالا در جاده های خشک هم می شود.
برای مثال Acura سیستم Super Handling All-Wheel-Drive (SH-AWD) یا کنترل کارامد حرکت با 4 چرخ را در سال های پیش ارائه داد. این سیستم سرعت وسیله نقلیه ، سرعت چرخ ها محل قرار گیری چرخ دنده ها و زاویه قرار گیری فرمان اتومبیل ، سرعت حرکت خودرو به پهلو و G forces جانبی و بقیه ی ورودی ها را در زمانی که سیستم به چرخ به اصطلاح بیرونی گشتاور بیشتری را برای بهتر پیچیدن وارد می کند ، نشان می دهد.
یک سری کلاج های الکترومغناطیس گشتاور را در طول محور دیفرانسیل از گوشه ای به گوشه ی دیگر منتقل می کند.
سیستمی که 90 درصد گشتاور را به محور جلو و 10 درصد آن را به محور عقب وارد می کند به صورت ناگهانی این مقدار را می تواند به 50 / 50 در موقع شتاب گیری یا حرکت در پیچ تند برساند. همچنین این سیستم می تواند همه ی آن 50% را یکجا به چرخ عقب بیرونی وارد کند تا پیچیدن به خوبی انجام شود.
Mitsubishi از پیشتازان استفاده از این سیستم از سیستمی مشابه به نام Active Yaw Control ( کنترل فعال حرکت به پهلو) در چرخ عقب استفاده می کند . Mitsubishi این سیستم را از اواخر دهه 90 در سواری های اسپورت تکمیل شده با عملکرد بالا استفاده کرده است.
Audi, BMW و بقیه شرکت ها ی اتوموبیل سازی در حال پیشرفت هایی در این سیستم هستند. در حالی که SH-AWD تنها مطالعات خود را به استفاده از چرخ عقب در حرکت محدود می کنند ، Ricardo از انگلستان و ZF از آلمان می توانند گشتاور را به 4 چرخ همزمان منتقل کنند.
سیستم Ricardo یا Cross-Axle Torque-Vectoring از کلاج های مرطوب و مجموعه ی خورشیدی به عنوان گیربکس استفاده می کنند .که هردوی اینها از سیستمهای کنترلی الکتریکی ، الکترومکانیکی و الکتروهیدرولیکی در دیفرانسیل جلو و عقب ، استفاده می کنند .
سازندگان این اتوموبیل ادعا می کنند زمان پاسخگویی خودرو بعد از فشردن دکمه شتاب دهنده تا دریافت 90 % گشتاور قابل دسترسی ، تنها 0.1 ثانیه است.
کمپانی ZF هم از این سیستم به نام Vector Drive استفاده می کند و آماده تولید گسترده هم در سیستم استفاده از چرخ عقب و هم 4 چرخ است. در این سیستم انتقال قدرت را به 4 چرخ را خواهیم داشت به طوری که این تقسیم نیرو هم باعث دور زدن بهتر می شود ، همچنین پایداری خودرو در حرکت را در هر شرایطی از جاده افزایش می دهد.
هنگامی که حرکت بصورت مستقیم است این تقسیم نیرو بطور مساوی بین چرخها خواهد بود. این کار توسط دیسک های ترمز چندگانه ی تحریک شده انجام می شود.ZF گشتاوری مستقل از گشتاور خروجی به دیفرانسیل تولید می کند. هنگام پایین آمدن از یک گردنه چرخ بیرونی از چرخ درونی گشتاور بیشتری دریافت می کند، تا خودرو بهتر حرکت دایره ای داشته باشد.
چرخ دنده های مجموعه ستاره ای در هنگام حرکت مستقیم نمی چرخند.برای همین در مصرف سوخت صرفه جویی می شود. این سیستم در حرکت در جاده های ناهموار و خشک با استفاده بهتر از اصطکاک ، مفیدتر از سیستم های معمولی عمل می کند .
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