سیستم انتقال قدرت متغیر(CVT) که به آن انتقال قدرت پیوسته هم گفته میشود، یک سیستم انتقال قدرت اتوماتیک است که به شکل یکپارچه نسبت دنده را تغییر میدهد.
سیستم CVT با سیستمهای انتقال قبلی که تعداد دندههای ثابت را در اختیار راننده قرار میداد، تفاوت داشته به طوریکه در هر زمان به محور خروجی اجازه میدهد سرعت مناسب و نسبت دنده مناسب را بدون وجود محدودیت و باتوجه به شرایط موجود، انتخاب و حفظ نماید. سیستم CVT با استفاده از دو محور(پولی) که یکی به موتور و دیگری به چرخها متصل میشود(مانند دوچرخههای دندهای که با زنجیر نسبت دندهها تغییر می کند) به شکلی ملایم انتقال نسبت دنده میان دندههای سبک و سنگین را انجام میدهد.
در خودروهای دارای سیستم CVT نیز همانند گیربکس های اتوماتیک عادی؛ دو پدال (گاز و ترمز) و شکل اهرم کنترل دنده P-R-N-D-L وجود دارد ضمن اینکه با استفاده از پدال های تعویض دنده در پشت فرمان، امکان تعویض دنده به صورت دستی نیز وجود دارد. با وجود این بر خلاف سیستمهای اتوماتیک قدیمی، شما تغییر در دندهها و سیستم انتقال را احساس نمیکنید و صدای خاصی هم نخواهید شنید(تغییر وضعیت دنده به صورت نرم). این سیستم دور موتور را برای حالت شتاب گیری و یا مصرف سوخت متعادل به خوبی مدیریت میکند.
با کمک این سیستم، در لحظه به ماکزیمم قدرت و بهینگی مصرف سوخت به شکل همزمان دسترسی پیدا کنید. این سیستم در مصرف سوخت کمتر و شتاب بیشتر تاثیر چشم گیری ایجاد می کند.
جالب است که بدانید داوینچی در سال 1490 اولین سیستم انتقال CVT را طراحی کرد. اتومبیل سازان آلمانی تا اواخر دههی 50 میلادی هم از این سیستم استفاده میکردند اما محدودیتهای تکنیکی این سیستم که اجازهی انتقال قدرت بالاتر از 100 اسب بخار را نمیداد، باعث به حاشیه رفتن CVT شد.
در اواخر دههی 80 و ابتدای دههی 90 سوبارو و هوندا دوباره CVT را به بازار بازگرداندند و با بهبودهای انجام گرفته در ابتدای قرن جدید،CVT امروزه در خودروهای میتسوبیشی و دیگر سازندگان خودرو کاربرد دارد و روز به روز در حال فراگیر شدن می باشد.
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