سیستم 4Matic مرسدس بنز نامی است که کمپانی آلمانی بنز برای سیستم معمول AWD انتخاب کرده است که بنابه گفتههای این شرکت نسبت به AWD توسعه بیشتری یافته است. این توسعه بیشتر به معنای کنترل بهتر بر روی سطوح لغزنده به ویژه برف است.
این سیستم برای اولین بار در کلاس E مدل w124 نصب شد که به سال 1987 بر میگردد. در حال حاضر این سیستم بر روی 52 مدل از محصولات این شرکت وجود دارد.
اساس مکانیکی سیستم فورماتیک بر تقسیم توان به نسبت 45 به 55 بین اکسلهای جلو و عقب است. با وجود دیفرانسیل مرکزی چند دیسکه که لغزش را به حداقل میرساند میتواند تا گشتاور قفلی 50 نیوتون متر را ایجاد نماید تا نیروی جلو برنده (Traction) بیشتری تولید شود.
در هنگام شتاب گیری با انتقال توان به اکسل عقب باعث میشود که نتیجه مطلوبتری را شما احساس کنید. با وجود دیفرانسیل مرکزی چند دیسکه موجود در خودرو شما میتوانید نسبتهای متغیری را مانند 30 به 70 یا 70 به 30 برای اکسلهای جلو و عقب بنا به شرایط جاده انتخاب کنید.
در این سیستم موتور باید در جهت طولی خودرو نصب شود تا اینکه ورودی گیربکس هم امتداد با خروجی موتور قرار بگیرد و از اتلاف اصطکاکی توان به حداقل برسد و مصرف سوخت بهینه شود.
هر چند سیستم 4Matic مرسدس بنز به تنهایی عمل نمیکند بلکه با سیستمهایی مانند ESP و ASR همکاری میکند. مانند تمام خودروهای 4 چرخ محرک، 4Matic هم از قوانین فیزیکی رانندگی تبعیت میکند. شما میتوانید رابطه متقابل این سیستم را با “دایره Kamm” در شکل زیر ببینید.
شرایط جاده ای به طور کامل در سیستم 4Matic رصد میشود تا از لغزشهای جانبی و طولی جلوگیری شود. مداخله مستقیم ASR یا 4SET باعث میشود که نیروی Traction همواره در بیشترین حالت خود قرار بگیرد تا شتاب گیری به بهترین نحو صورت بگیرد. در این بین لغزش نیز به حداقل خود میرسد و پایداری مستقیم خودرو در طی این فرایند به طور کامل تضمین میشود.
به همین علت اگر جاده لغزنده باشد، سیستم کنترلی ASR با توجه به نحوه رانندگی وارد عمل میشود. حال این مداخله ASR بدون توجه به اطلاعات دقیقی که توسط دادههای سنسور ESP که دینامیک طولی و جانبی خودرو را ارزیابی میکنند، هیچ ارزشی ندارد.
یعنی به واسطه اندازه گیری مداوم پایداری طولی و جانبی توسط سنسورها، بهترین تصمیم با توجه به خواستههای راننده و شرایط موجود جاده اتخاذ میشود.
بنا به اظهارات سازندگان هنگامی که سطح کم اصطکاکی در جاده وجود داشته باشد سیستمهای کنترلی تورک موتور را در همان چرخ کاهش میدهند تا اینکه تایر بتواند نیروی جانبی مناسب را پیدا کند. اگر سیستم ASR نتواند این موقعیت را کنترل کند سیستم ESP مداخله کرده و با ترمز گیری مناسب بر روی هر چرخ پایداری خودرو را حفظ میکنند.
در شرایط زمستانی در برخی موارد شاید نیاز داشته باشید که کنترل پایداری الکترونیکی خودرو (ESP) را خاموش کنید. معمولاً زمانی که بخواهید از برف عمیق بیرون بیایید ممکن است نیاز به خاموش کردن آن داشته باشید.
حتی در زمانی که ESP شما خاموش است راننده مرسدس بنز همچنان میتواند از مزایای این سیستم به خصوص در ترمز گیری استفاده نماید. البته باید به یاد داشته باشید که محض برگشتن به جاده لغزنده معمولی پوشیده شده از برف باید سیستم ESP را دوباره فعال کنید.
هر چند با وجود تلاش مهندسین برای کنترل بهتر خودرو ولی راننده باید با توجه به شرایط موجود که چه قدر میتواند ایمن باشد، باید عمل کند. اصلاً مهم نیست که سیستم چه قدر خوب کار میکند، راننده نباید به طور کامل به این سیستمها اطمینان کند.
راننده باید همیشه رانندگی خود را با توجه به شرایط جادهای هماهنگ کند تا وسیله نقلیه خود را بتواند به بهترین نحو کنترل کند. البته باید توجه داشت که لاستیکهای مخصوص زمستان خیلی میتواند به راننده در بهبود پایداری بیشتر خودرو کمک کند.
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